Which of the following conditions are important causes of school failure?

The option that identifies conduct disorders and learning disabilities as important causes of school failure is correct because both of these conditions can significantly hinder a child's ability to succeed academically.

Conduct disorders may manifest as behavioral issues, such as aggression or defiance, which can disrupt classroom learning and negatively impact relationships with peers and teachers. These disruptive behaviors can lead to negative educational outcomes by affecting a child's ability to engage in the learning process and receive support from their educational environment.

Learning disabilities fundamentally impact a child's ability to acquire knowledge and skills that are typically expected at their age. These disabilities can affect various academic areas, such as reading, writing, and mathematics, making it difficult for affected students to keep up with their peers. Without appropriate interventions and support, children with learning disabilities may fall behind, leading to frustration, decreased motivation, and potential failure in school.

In contrast, while emotional disorders and social impairment can also contribute to school failure, they are not as universally recognized as conduct disorders and learning disabilities when considering direct links to academic performance. Sensory impairments and autism spectrum disorders can affect school performance but often involve a broader range of support and strategies that can lead to success when properly addressed. Hence, while these conditions are important, the most widely acknowledged causes linked to