What sign might indicate an overdose of opioid medications in young children?

The presence of constricted pupils (miosis) and somnolence is a classic sign of opioid overdose in young children. Opioids depress the central nervous system, which can manifest as lethargy or excessive sleepiness (somnolence). Constricted pupils are a distinctive and commonly recognized effect of opioid use because opioids specifically bind to receptors in the brain that regulate the size of the pupils. When a child is experiencing an opioid overdose, these symptoms may become pronounced and can indicate a potentially life-threatening situation.

In contrast, other options such as hyperactivity or elevated heart rate do not typically align with the effects of opioid overdose; rather, these symptoms might suggest a stimulant effect or other factors unrelated to opioids. Excessive coughing is also generally not associated with opioid overdose and may indicate a respiratory issue or other medical concern but is not a classical sign of opioid toxicity. Understanding these signs is crucial for prompt recognition and intervention in suspected cases of opioid overdose.