What serious condition can result from high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in newborns?

High levels of unconjugated bilirubin in newborns can lead to kernicterus, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Kernicterus results from the accumulation of bilirubin in the brain tissues, which can cause permanent neurological damage. Unconjugated bilirubin, a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, is normally processed by the liver to be excreted. Newborns, especially those who are premature or who have certain medical conditions, may have immature liver function, leading to an inability to adequately conjugate and excrete bilirubin.

If the levels rise significantly, this bilirubin can cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to toxic effects in the central nervous system. Symptoms of kernicterus may include lethargy, poor feeding, and abnormal muscle tone, and if not treated promptly, it can result in serious complications such as cerebral palsy or hearing loss.

Jaundice, while commonly seen in newborns due to elevated bilirubin levels, is not classified as a serious condition on its own. It is a clinical sign that indicates elevated bilirubin levels rather than a direct result of those levels causing neurological damage. Hemolytic anemia and neonatal sepsis are distinct conditions that have their own