What inborn error of metabolism could be relevant to Olivia's case?

Inborn errors of metabolism refer to genetic disorders that result in a deficiency or absence of specific enzymes necessary for metabolic pathways. Each of the conditions listed has distinct characteristics and implications for a patient's health, particularly in infancy and childhood.

Considering the possibility of all three options—urea cycle disorder, phenylketonuria (PKU), and galactosemia—it's crucial to understand how they could be relevant:

• Urea cycle disorders affect the body's ability to eliminate ammonia, leading to toxic build-up, which can cause various health issues, including neurological damage. Symptoms can manifest shortly after birth with signs of lethargy, vomiting, and coma, making early diagnosis and management critical.

• Phenylketonuria is a metabolic condition where individuals lack the enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many protein-containing foods. Accumulation of phenylalanine can lead to intellectual disability and developmental delays if not managed with a strict diet. This condition is screened for at birth in many regions, emphasizing its significance in pediatric care.

• Galactosemia involves the inability to properly metabolize galactose, a sugar found in milk. If an infant with galactosemia consumes breast milk or formula containing